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Message no. 1
From: Adam Getchell <acgetchell@*******.EDU>
Subject: Foamed Titanium and Fullerene Bone lacing (was: Re: Nanotubes)
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 12:29:19 -0700
Well, I was reading over the nanotechnology papers on gears (very
interesting, more later) and they mentioned that using a diamondoid
substance with Young's modulus at 1 Terapascal gives diamond 69 times the
strength/weight ratio of titanium. If we look at Lar's results and use
Y=1.28 as our lower bound we still have fullerene being anywhere from 88 to
345 times stronger than titanium by weight. So, you can see where the evil
idea popped into my head ... ;-)

Manufacturing: Currently, we can get reasonable yields (~20%, perhaps Lars
has better numbers) of fibers that are 0.005 millimeters long. To make it
into a reasonable engineering substance we'll have to be able to generate
longer fibers. In practice, this probably means making batches of short
fibers and then connecting them together to form threads. This process is
akin to making a cotton shirt from lint.

Make no mistake about it, though, fullerene is THE wonder material of the
future. It is going to be the hardest substance machinable, barring
superdense or electropolymorphic materials (and certainly the highest
strength-to-weight ratio). People will want to use it in APDS, armor,
cyberware, spacecraft, cars, tennis rackets, golf clubs, and just about
anything imaginable. You can dope the stuff with various compounds to make
it electrically conductive, so it would also work in circuits: electronics,
photonics, computing, and otherwise. I'll bet that doping it with a 1-2-3
Barium-Cesium-Ytrbium compound might make it superconductive, though not at
room temperature, at least warm enough for nitrogen cooling (vice more
expensive helium).

To maintain anything like SR canon we'll have to assume the stuff is
hideously expensive to make, requiring an investment something like a chip
fabrication plant. Again, most of the difficulties are in getting long
fibers ... so you can think a fullerene fab will have rows and rows of
furnaces generating lint followed by rows and rows of micromanipulator
looms busily knitting microscopic lint fragments into threads, followed by
more looms weaving the threads into spools or fabric. Some basic nanotech
assemblers will undoubtably be in the process, but that's for another post.

So, it's expensive. "Machining" it will probably mean arranging it in nice,
neat layers molecularly engineered to be the precise shape required. How to
put a price on it in SR? Just say it's damned expensive ... trying to
figure economic yields and stuff like that will drastically alter the SR
background. Megacorps produce the stuff, and that's that. They'll have
yield problems, QC, all the hassles of a fab plant today ...

Foamed titanium is a lighter, amorphous crystalline version of titanium
metal with higher strenght to weight ratio. There's a nice web page at the
UCLA Electrophysics department, though I've misplaced the link. They also
talk about electropolymorphic materials. Dr. Edward Fok, I believe, is the
guy with the site.

Without further ado,

Foamed Titanium and Fullerene Bone Lacing:

Both types add +3 to characters' Body Attribute, and give 2 levels of
impact and ballistic armor. Fullerene bone lacing is immune to the half
armor reduction from APDS ammunition (being made of, at best, the same
stuff). Weight from foamed titanium lacing adds +10 kg, Fullerene adds
+5kg. Unarmed blows by persons with fullerene bone lacing do (Str + 2)M
damage, foamed titanium does (Str + 3)M. The Barrier Rating for foamed
titanium lacing is 16, for fullerene lacing it is 20.

Foamed Titanium
Essence: 1.15 Cost: 225,000 Avail: 18/28 days Street Index: 3 Legal: 6-R

Fullerene
Essence: 0.5 Cost: 550,000 Avail: 24/28 days Street Index: 4 Legal: 6-R

Design Notes: I modelled the invasiveness and weight of Foamed Titanium on
Aluminum bone lacing, being of similiar weight. I modelled Fullerene bone
lacing on plastic, hence the equivalent essense costs for the two types.

It would be quite expensive; I recommend having it only at Delta-grade
clinic. Foamed aluminum might be available at a Beta clinic. Likely users:
Special Forces Ops (not stupid Shadowrunner ex-SpecOps, current, long
time-in-grade types), elite Corp striketeam/bodyguards, Jaguar Guards, and
all those other high powered Shadowrun nasty bad guys. One of my players,
the sam, is on this list, so he might hear of it from here, but his
character won't catch wind of it for a long, long time.

Next topic, Active Materials ...
--Adam

acgetchell@*******.edu
"Invincibility is in oneself, vulnerability in the opponent." --Sun Tzu
Message no. 2
From: David Foster <fixer@*******.TLH.FL.US>
Subject: Re: Foamed Titanium and Fullerene Bone lacing (was: Re: Nanotubes)
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 15:44:23 -0400
On Fri, 11 Sep 1998, Adam Getchell wrote:

->Well, I was reading over the nanotechnology papers on gears (very
->interesting, more later) and they mentioned that using a diamondoid
->substance with Young's modulus at 1 Terapascal gives diamond 69 times the
->strength/weight ratio of titanium. If we look at Lar's results and use
->Y=1.28 as our lower bound we still have fullerene being anywhere from 88 to
->345 times stronger than titanium by weight. So, you can see where the evil
->idea popped into my head ... ;-)

Uh huh.

->Manufacturing: Currently, we can get reasonable yields (~20%, perhaps Lars
->has better numbers) of fibers that are 0.005 millimeters long. To make it
->into a reasonable engineering substance we'll have to be able to generate
->longer fibers. In practice, this probably means making batches of short
->fibers and then connecting them together to form threads. This process is
->akin to making a cotton shirt from lint.

If you can do that I want you to be my tailor. ]:-)

->Make no mistake about it, though, fullerene is THE wonder material of the
->future. It is going to be the hardest substance machinable, barring
->superdense or electropolymorphic materials (and certainly the highest
->strength-to-weight ratio). People will want to use it in APDS, armor,
->cyberware, spacecraft, cars, tennis rackets, golf clubs, and just about
->anything imaginable. You can dope the stuff with various compounds to make
->it electrically conductive, so it would also work in circuits: electronics,
->photonics, computing, and otherwise. I'll bet that doping it with a 1-2-3
->Barium-Cesium-Ytrbium compound might make it superconductive, though not at
->room temperature, at least warm enough for nitrogen cooling (vice more
->expensive helium).

All of us, of course, are still right with you (what'd he just
say?) ]:-)

->To maintain anything like SR canon we'll have to assume the stuff is
->hideously expensive to make, requiring an investment something like a chip
->fabrication plant. Again, most of the difficulties are in getting long
->fibers ... so you can think a fullerene fab will have rows and rows of
->furnaces generating lint followed by rows and rows of micromanipulator
->looms busily knitting microscopic lint fragments into threads, followed by
->more looms weaving the threads into spools or fabric. Some basic nanotech
->assemblers will undoubtably be in the process, but that's for another post.
->
->So, it's expensive. "Machining" it will probably mean arranging it in nice,
->neat layers molecularly engineered to be the precise shape required. How to
->put a price on it in SR? Just say it's damned expensive ... trying to
->figure economic yields and stuff like that will drastically alter the SR
->background. Megacorps produce the stuff, and that's that. They'll have
->yield problems, QC, all the hassles of a fab plant today ...
->
->Foamed titanium is a lighter, amorphous crystalline version of titanium
->metal with higher strenght to weight ratio. There's a nice web page at the
->UCLA Electrophysics department, though I've misplaced the link. They also
->talk about electropolymorphic materials. Dr. Edward Fok, I believe, is the
->guy with the site.
->
->Without further ado,
->
->Foamed Titanium and Fullerene Bone Lacing:
->
->Both types add +3 to characters' Body Attribute, and give 2 levels of
->impact and ballistic armor. Fullerene bone lacing is immune to the half
->armor reduction from APDS ammunition (being made of, at best, the same
->stuff). Weight from foamed titanium lacing adds +10 kg, Fullerene adds
->+5kg. Unarmed blows by persons with fullerene bone lacing do (Str + 2)M
->damage, foamed titanium does (Str + 3)M. The Barrier Rating for foamed
->titanium lacing is 16, for fullerene lacing it is 20.
->
->Foamed Titanium
->Essence: 1.15 Cost: 225,000 Avail: 18/28 days Street Index: 3 Legal: 6-R
->
->Fullerene
->Essence: 0.5 Cost: 550,000 Avail: 24/28 days Street Index: 4 Legal: 6-R
->
->Design Notes: I modelled the invasiveness and weight of Foamed Titanium on
->Aluminum bone lacing, being of similiar weight. I modelled Fullerene bone
->lacing on plastic, hence the equivalent essense costs for the two types.
->
->It would be quite expensive; I recommend having it only at Delta-grade
->clinic. Foamed aluminum might be available at a Beta clinic. Likely users:
->Special Forces Ops (not stupid Shadowrunner ex-SpecOps, current, long
->time-in-grade types), elite Corp striketeam/bodyguards, Jaguar Guards, and
->all those other high powered Shadowrun nasty bad guys. One of my players,
->the sam, is on this list, so he might hear of it from here, but his
->character won't catch wind of it for a long, long time.

I think you were too nice on the prices.... but that's just me.
Probably should double them, because they're still prototypical.

Fixer --------------} The easy I do before breakfast,
the difficult I do all day long,
the impossible only during the week,
and miracles performed on an as-needed basis....

Now tell me, what was your problem?
Message no. 3
From: Lars Ericson <lericson@****.EDU>
Subject: Re: Foamed Titanium and Fullerene Bone lacing (was: Re: Nanotubes)
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 16:05:20 -0500
Adam Getchell wrote:

> Manufacturing: Currently, we can get reasonable yields (~20%, perhaps Lars
> has better numbers) of fibers that are 0.005 millimeters long. To make it
> into a reasonable engineering substance we'll have to be able to generate
> longer fibers. In practice, this probably means making batches of short
> fibers and then connecting them together to form threads. This process is
> akin to making a cotton shirt from lint.

Actually, manufacturing is one of the big milestones currently being
worked towards. It is possible to make a gram of purified material in a
day right now, but nowhere near the amount needed for a cotton shirt.
Fibers are typically 1-10 microns (.001-.01 mm) long, but theoretically
could be made of infinite length.

*snip*
> anything imaginable. You can dope the stuff with various compounds to make
> it electrically conductive, so it would also work in circuits: electronics,
> photonics, computing, and otherwise. I'll bet that doping it with a 1-2-3
> Barium-Cesium-Ytrbium compound might make it superconductive, though not at
> room temperature, at least warm enough for nitrogen cooling (vice more
> expensive helium).

Nanotubes are already metallic or semi-metallic in conductance depending
on their helicity (the arrangements of carbon atoms with respect to the
axis) without any doping. Nanotubes will undoubtably see use as
molecular interconnects for nanometer scale electronics within 10 years.

> Without further ado,
>
> Foamed Titanium and Fullerene Bone Lacing:
*snip: Cyberware and Game Mechanics*

I guess dealing with experminetal complications of nanotubes on a daily
basis makes me a bit dubious of such cyberware, but I've always been a
skeptic. I'll just stick with the normal Ti, Al, and plastic bonelacing.


--
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Lars Ericson: Professional Vagabond
Smalley Research Group, Rice University
E-Mail: lericson@****.edu
WWW: http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~lericson/

"Raisin Hell -- a million raisins in every can."
-- Sifl & Olly Show
Message no. 4
From: Adam Getchell <acgetchell@*******.EDU>
Subject: Re: Foamed Titanium and Fullerene Bone lacing (was: Re: Nanotubes)
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 15:14:29 -0700
>I guess dealing with experminetal complications of nanotubes on a daily
>basis makes me a bit dubious of such cyberware, but I've always been a
>skeptic. I'll just stick with the normal Ti, Al, and plastic bonelacing.

If NASA wants to make payload orbiters with a 250-500% payload ratio, which
they can only do by making the entire booster out of diamond/fullerene, I
don't think that fullerene or foamed titanium bone lacing will be too hard
by comparison. ;-)

I'm glad to hear your numbers are low yield. Even with 60 years of
advancement minus one Computer Crash, it seems reasonable that the stuff
would still be expensive to make in useful quantities (i.e. long weavable
threads or nanophase material structures). So, we won't have fullerene
cooking pans and knives in everyday use. Although I'm sure that some tennis
professional, assuming tennis is still around ;-), would have a fullerene
racket. And those nasty Aztec guards can have their traditional wooden
swords with obsidian chips embedded on the edges, just replace the obsidian
with fullerene and enchant the wood ... now that's an evil thought!

*Poof!*

Don't mess with the Jaguar/Leopard Guards now ...

That's when they're not shooting their OICW Block 4's at you ... ;-)

>Lars Ericson: Professional Vagabond

--Adam

acgetchell@*******.edu
"Invincibility is in oneself, vulnerability in the opponent." --Sun Tzu
Message no. 5
From: Wordman <wordman@*******.COM>
Subject: Re: Foamed Titanium and Fullerene Bone lacing (was: Re: Nanotubes)
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 21:55:48 -0400
>I'm glad to hear your numbers are low yield. Even with 60 years of
>advancement minus one Computer Crash,

Don't forget VITAS, either. When a disease starts killed a quarter of the
world, you can bet that research budgets for fullerene bone lacing are going
to get a bit sidetracked. Not to mention that the main researchers have a
roughly 1 in 4 chance of dying as well.

Wordman
Message no. 6
From: Adam Getchell <acgetchell@*******.EDU>
Subject: Re: Foamed Titanium and Fullerene Bone lacing (was: Re: Nanotubes)
Date: Sat, 12 Sep 1998 03:57:18 -0700
>Don't forget VITAS, either. When a disease starts killed a quarter of the
>world, you can bet that research budgets for fullerene bone lacing are going
>to get a bit sidetracked. Not to mention that the main researchers have a
>roughly 1 in 4 chance of dying as well.

Sure, but as I said, they're searching for the wonder material of the 21st
century. They're not just looking to make bone-lacing, but rockets, armor,
etc. Heck, we might have it in 10 or 20 years ...

They'll still have formulae current up to 2029 or so, and as I said before,
that might be enough time.

>Wordman

--Adam

acgetchell@*******.edu
"Invincibility is in oneself, vulnerability in the opponent." --Sun Tzu

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