Back to the main page

Mailing List Logs for ShadowRN

Message no. 1
From: Graeme Collin <graeme@****.CO.UK>
Subject: hello world
Date: Mon, 14 Mar 1994 23:22:11 GMT
Hi, is it just me, or has things been real quiet recently ??
Message no. 2
From: Nathan J Yourchuck <nyourchu@***.EDU>
Subject: Re: hello world
Date: Mon, 14 Mar 1994 18:42:14 LCL
> Hi, is it just me, or has things been real quiet recently ??

Yes, I think it's been fairly low-key for a bit too. I think
everybody needs something to argue about for a little while. Here's a
little bit of gas for the fire.

1: Can enchanter adepts use any magic talents besides Enchanting? I would
think that allowing enchanters to astrally perceive would make them a
little cooler, but the other "skill" adepts can only use magic as it relates
to their specific skill and neither one can percieve/project.

2: In the Shadowtech sourcebook under SkillwirePlus systems it says that a
skillwire plus system can handle twice its rating in skillsofts. The book
seems a little vague on what this means, and see two possible ways to
interpret this.
a) a level 3 skillwire plus system could handle a rating 6 skillsoft.
b) a level 3 skillwire plus system can handle a number of skillsofts
whose total is 6 or less, but no single skillsoft can have a rating of 3
or more.
- Which one of these options (if either) is correct. Also, are any
skillsofts placed into softlinks considered to be "in use" or can the user
deactivite skillsofts at will without removing them from the chipjack?

Nathan Yourchuck
Message no. 3
From: Graeme Collin <graeme@****.CO.UK>
Subject: Re: hello world
Date: Tue, 15 Mar 1994 01:30:27 GMT
> 2: In the Shadowtech sourcebook under SkillwirePlus systems it says that a
> skillwire plus system can handle twice its rating in skillsofts. The book
> seems a little vague on what this means, and see two possible ways to
> interpret this.
> a) a level 3 skillwire plus system could handle a rating 6 skillsoft.
> b) a level 3 skillwire plus system can handle a number of skillsofts
> whose total is 6 or less, but no single skillsoft can have a rating of 3
> or more.
> - Which one of these options (if either) is correct

Well, the way I construed it is option c - whereby the skillsoft plus could
handle any number of skillsofts up to double its level, as long as none of
them was of a level greater than twice that of the system - ie;

a level 3 skillwire plus system could handle up to 6 levels of skillsofts,
ranging from level 1 through level 6. Does this make sense? (It's 1:30am here).

Graeme.
><>

-----------------
new .sig required
-----------------
Message no. 4
From: Egil Geir Brautaset <egilbra@***.UNIT.NO>
Subject: Re: hello world
Date: Tue, 15 Mar 1994 12:33:35 +0100
On Mon, 14 Mar 1994, Nathan J Yourchuck wrote:

> > Hi, is it just me, or has things been real quiet recently ??
>
> Yes, I think it's been fairly low-key for a bit too. I think
> everybody needs something to argue about for a little while. Here's a
> little bit of gas for the fire.
>
> 1: Can enchanter adepts use any magic talents besides Enchanting? I would
> think that allowing enchanters to astrally perceive would make them a
> little cooler, but the other "skill" adepts can only use magic as it
relates
> to their specific skill and neither one can percieve/project.

The rules specifically states that adepts (other than shamanic) cannot use
astral projection or perception, but I too would perhaps allow the adepts
to astrally perceive. (Not project.)

>
> 2: In the Shadowtech sourcebook under SkillwirePlus systems it says that a
> skillwire plus system can handle twice its rating in skillsofts. The book
> seems a little vague on what this means, and see two possible ways to
> interpret this.
> a) a level 3 skillwire plus system could handle a rating 6 skillsoft.
> b) a level 3 skillwire plus system can handle a number of skillsofts
> whose total is 6 or less, but no single skillsoft can have a rating of 3
> or more.
The skillwire system cannot use anything above rating 3, but can use two level
threes, three level twos or six level ones.

> - Which one of these options (if either) is correct. Also, are any
> skillsofts placed into softlinks considered to be "in use" or can the user
> deactivite skillsofts at will without removing them from the chipjack?
>
Probably. (But I don't know) (A free action to deactivate cyber ware isn't it?)
But beware of the SSLD times when reactivating.

> Nathan Yourchuck

-- Egil
Message no. 5
From: Michael Garoni <Michael_Garoni@****.INTERSOLV.COM>
Subject: Re[2]: hello world
Date: Tue, 15 Mar 1994 14:56:00 LCL
:]1: Can enchanter adepts use any magic talents besides Enchanting? I would
:]think that allowing enchanters to astrally perceive would make them a
:]little cooler, but the other "skill" adepts can only use magic as it relates
:]to their specific skill and neither one can percieve/project.
Nup. They can just enchant.

:]2: In the Shadowtech sourcebook under SkillwirePlus systems it says that a
:]skillwire plus system can handle twice its rating in skillsofts.
:] a) a level 3 skillwire plus system could handle a rating 6 skillsoft.
:] b) a level 3 skillwire plus system can handle a number of skillsofts
:]whose total is 6 or less, but no single skillsoft can have a rating of 3
:]or more.
Without looking at the book, I would say b) would probably be the nearest. ie
you can have a total of 6 levels running at once, provided no skill has more
than 3 levels. ie They could have a level 1, a level 2 and a level 3, or two
level 3 or 3 level 2 etc.... running concurrently.

:]- Which one of these options (if either) is correct. Also, are any
:]skillsofts placed into softlinks considered to be "in use" or can the user
:]deactivite skillsofts at will without removing them from the chipjack?
In our game, you can only have one active skillsoft running at once. If you
have multiple chips jacked, then you can switch between each one (though I think
that we count this as a simple action - or maybe not ^shrug^ - I don't GM SR
anymore, and no one in our current party uses them) How do other play this ?

Obi Wan
Message no. 6
From: Stainless Steel Rat <ratinox@***.NEU.EDU>
Subject: Re: hello world
Date: Tue, 15 Mar 1994 09:54:33 -0500
>>>>> "NJY" == Nathan J Yourchuck <nyourchu@***.edu>
writes:

>> Hi, is it just me, or has things been real quiet recently ??
NJY> Yes, I think it's been fairly low-key for a bit too.

A lot of people are on spring break for the week.

|||| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||
| Rat <ratinox@***.neu.edu> WWW Page: http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/ratinox |
| GAT d--@ -p+ c++ !l u+ e+(*) m-(+) s n---(+) h-- f !g(+) w+ t- r+ y+ |
| I don't care; I want the Green Ranger's flute! |
|||| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||
Message no. 7
From: Graeme Collin <graeme@****.CO.UK>
Subject: Re: hello world
Date: Tue, 15 Mar 1994 17:09:36 GMT
(SSR = Stainless STeel Rat)

GC > Hi, is it just me, or has things been real quiet recently ??

NJY> Yes, I think it's been fairly low-key for a bit too.

SSR> A lot of people are on spring break for the week.

Ah, that would explain it. Not sure whether anyone is over here, but there are
those of us who gotta work for a living :(

Oh, well - hopefully things should pick up a bit in a week or so :)

GC.
Message no. 8
From: A cohort's CoHort <cohort@******.CONNECTED.COM>
Subject: Re: hello world
Date: Tue, 15 Mar 1994 10:15:00 -0800
On Tue, 15 Mar 1994, Stainless Steel Rat wrote:

> >>>>> "NJY" == Nathan J Yourchuck <nyourchu@***.edu>
writes:
>
> >> Hi, is it just me, or has things been real quiet recently ??
> NJY> Yes, I think it's been fairly low-key for a bit too.
> A lot of people are on spring break for the week.
>
And other places, like here, it's finals week.

CoHort@*********.com
-----=====-----
"Sorry - Is my Freudian slip showing?"
"You don't have to shout - I've got 20/20 hearing!"
Message no. 9
From: Neal A Porter <nap@*****.PHYSICS.SWIN.OZ.AU>
Subject: Re: hello world
Date: Wed, 16 Mar 1994 15:05:31 +1000
>
>Hi, is it just me, or has things been real quiet recently ??
>


It must be just you, I'm still clearing out my backlog of 120 odd messages,
or is that 120 'odd messages', ah on this list you can never tell..

A'Deus.
Message no. 10
From: tunc taylan <c062807@*******.CC.METU.EDU.TR>
Subject: Hello, world...
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 16:30:31 +0400
Well, hi everybody out there. This is a fresh GM calling from
Ankara, the capital of the Turkish Republic [better known as 'Turkey', but
you can guess why I don't like that one >:)=) ]. Anyway, I am probably
one of the 2 or 3 SR GM's in the whole country (the only one in town) and so
have little chance of discussing (let alone playing as a character)
the SR stuff with someone else... My RPG background originates mainly
from TSR games, AD&D + Gamma World + Oriental. To be straight, I don't
like reading rulebooks too extensively and don't think that the rules are
always very clear (I'm using the SRII edition, so if *that* is a revised
version, I don't wanna see the first one). So I thought, I could get some
help over here. My questions may seem a bit...erm, 'basic', but one has to
start somewhere :)+). So here we go:

1. I heared from someone on the IRC that there exist rules
for regaining Essence. Book says otherwise, I know...

2. What the *@#&!* is the Sensor Attribute of Cyberdecks
good for? ...perceive 'things' in the matrix... (SRII) - what 'things'?
Some sort of primitive Analyze program?

3. Shooting vehicle-mounted weapons: what is the TN, what is the
appropriate Skill? I know that fixed weapons need good steering, what
else? what about non-rigger characters?

4. Does the DocWagon Contract cover non-UCAS territory?

Yeah, simple questions, no big deal, but I need the answers...
thanx alot to anyone responding to this unworthy little message. Hope to
contribute with answers and opinions as well in the future.

Tunc Taylan (the lonely GM - sorry, no signature yet)

PS: BTW, I am also proud owner of Sprawl Sites, Neo Anarchists Guide to
N.A., Street Sam. Cat., RBB, Grim, and Virtual Realities. So you can gimme
references, too.
Message no. 11
From: Gary Carroll <gary@****.COM>
Subject: Re: Hello, world...
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 11:35:43 -0700
>3. Shooting vehicle-mounted weapons: what is the TN,

The target number is the signiture of the vehicle you
are shooting at. (humans have a TN of 8)
(direct line of sight/sensor sight = -4 to TN)
*plus other mods*
*P.S. the better the vehicle sensors the less mods apply.*

>what is the appropriate Skill?
>I know that fixed weapons need good steering, what else?
>what about non-rigger characters?

The same as if normalling shooting the weapon.
Cannons = gunnery, Assult Gun = firearms, etc...

For Rigged individuals you get dice =
weapon + Sensor level + autopilot + (control pool - # dice
used for handling test)

for non rigged datajacked individuals:
Fixed weapons *guess* - drive skill + autopilot + sensors
Remote turret *guess* - Weapon skill + sensor

for non rigged non datajacked individuals
Fixed weapons *guess* - drive skill
Remote turret - not possible
manned turret *guess* - weapon skill + combat pool


Hope this helps.

Thanks
Gary C.
Message no. 12
From: Gary Carroll <gary@****.COM>
Subject: Re: Hello, world...
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 11:55:06 -0700
>Tunc Taylan writes:
>4. Does the DocWagon Contract cover non-UCAS territory?

Sorry there isn't enough info here to give a yes or no
answer but I'll supply some info I use.

DocWagon:
This is a world wide organization, they are area based.
Their like a cable service, (only they pick up people
instead of supply channels to your home) one division
of DocWagon covers a specified area, if your out of
their area your either in a different company area or
a different division of DocWagon.

Now it only depends on the level of Contract you have
with DocWagon. With silver I would say that it would
only work for the area you bought the DocWagon contract
in (there are move forms). If you bought a Gold
contract it would work for all areas a DocWagon.
If you bought a Platinum contract, then it would work
for all areas of DocWagon and *they would have a
sub-contract for you to be picked up by other companys,
or would get permission to pick you up.

Hope this helps.
Thanks
Gary C.
Message no. 13
From: Marc A Renouf <jormung@*****.UMICH.EDU>
Subject: Re: Hello, world...
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 15:04:50 -0400
On Mon, 2 Oct 1995, tunc taylan wrote:

> 1. I heared from someone on the IRC that there exist rules
> for regaining Essence. Book says otherwise, I know...

This is pretty much up to the GM in question. By the book, I
don't think there's any way to regain lost Essence. If you have
cyberware removed, you don't get the Essence back, you just have a "hole"
that you can stick more stuff into. Other than that, you're pretty much
hosed.
Some GM's (including myself) allow Essence for certain things to
be regained, but it requires intensive clonal regrowth of tissues and is
extremely expensive (not to mention a pain-in-the-ass to find).

> 2. What the *@#&!* is the Sensor Attribute of Cyberdecks
> good for? ...perceive 'things' in the matrix... (SRII) - what 'things'?
> Some sort of primitive Analyze program?

The four Persona Attributes (Bod, Evasion, Masking, Sensors) are
generally the other constructs' target number to avoid being seen. The
rating itself is meaningless without a sensor utility (like Scanner or
Analyze). Simple example. You roll a number of dice equal to your
Analyze program, your target number is the Security rating of the Node.
The IC rolls a number of dice equal to its rating, and its target number
is your deck's Sensors Attribute. After the Node's security threshold
has been overcome, if you get more successes than the IC, you can figure
out what it is. If it gets more successes than you, you can't figure out
what it is. You might see its icon, but you'd have no idea of what it
actually is.
If you have more questions concerning the specifics of decking,
let me know.

> 3. Shooting vehicle-mounted weapons: what is the TN, what is the
> appropriate Skill? I know that fixed weapons need good steering, what
> else? what about non-rigger characters?

Ask two different GM's and they'll give you eight different
answers. Gary Carroll (I think) posted something today that summed it up
pretty well, only I wouldn't add Autopilot dice in when the rigger or
gunner is controlling the weapon. Look at the list archives for more
than enough debate as to what dice get rolled when.

> 4. Does the DocWagon Contract cover non-UCAS territory?

Actually, DocWagon started out in Atlanta, which is in CAS. I'm
not sure how far they have spread, but even if "DocWagon" doesn't have a
franchise somewhere, that's not to say that "MedEvac" or some other
similar company doesn't. For more specifics on the history and rules for
DocWagon, check out the Neo-Anarchists Guide to Real Life.

Marc
Message no. 14
From: "St. Jean, Ricky" <stjeanr@*******.CANADOREC.ON.CA>
Subject: Re: Hello, world...
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 17:59:00 PDT
> 1. I heared from someone on the IRC that there exist rules
>for regaining Essence. Book says otherwise, I know...

I know I am going to get flamed to death for this but you should be able to
regain essence and lost magic.

essence is simply a game mechanic. It is a number which limits the amount
of goodies in which you can throw into your body.

in our group when a character who lost a point of essence due to damage,
magic, or essence drain always had a chance to ragain it. When the damage
healed or spell wore off the gm would allow the character to ragain it.
only after all damage was healed, and the character performed some
roleplaying which delved into a spiritual journey.

Our arguement for this is that the body can recover from the loss of blood
or spirituallity. You may be malencholly or weak for a few days or weeks
but after a while you body or soul recouperated. Blood refreshes and
therapy helped you mind. If you lost magic or essence due to a tramatic
experience, post hypnotic suggestion, magic, or surgury can surpress the
tramatic memories.

for those peple who don't allow essence regain my question is:
when you loose a point of magic and decide to have cyberware installed down
the road do you subtract the cyberware from the remaining essence or will it
stay the same?
ie
dirk magic 6 essence 6
dirk the mage meets a vamp and looses a point of essence to it.
dirk now magic 5 essence 5
6 months down the road he decides to install a smartlink
is his essence and magic still 5 or 4/4.5

comment and flame at this address


Ricky
"It's not a question of being paranoid, the question is, Are you paranoid
enough?"
-strange days
<<<<<stjeanr@*******.CANADORE.ON.CA>>>>>
Message no. 15
From: Helge Diernaes <ecocide@***.CBS.DK>
Subject: Re: Hello, world...
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 1995 04:05:46 +0100
On Mon, 2 Oct 1995, St. Jean, Ricky wrote:

> > 1. I heared from someone on the IRC that there exist rules
> >for regaining Essence. Book says otherwise, I know...
>
> I know I am going to get flamed to death for this but you should be able to
> regain essence and lost magic.
>
> essence is simply a game mechanic. It is a number which limits the amount
> of goodies in which you can throw into your body.

[stuff deleted]

Why should you be flamed? You have posed your arguments for an
controversial topic, and thats admirable even if you "lose".

But to the point:
I'm one of the GM's who doesn't allow regaining essence, and as a player
I would argument against it.
The reason?
Essence is not simply blood, its a part of ones life force (at least in
my opinion). Just as one can get a chronic disease that forever lowers
one health from that of an athelete to an feeble wreck, so does the vamp
forever leave his/her mark on the victim.
Ofcourse, if _you_ find this silly, there is no reason why you should
keep the lower essence permanent, but the permanent mark leave a maybe
more important lesson: Consequences of Actions.
Vamps are horrid! Meeting them should be avoided if possible, because the
damamge can be lasting. If PC's hunt vamps, they are either brilliant
sucidal roleplayers (or something like it *grin*), or foolish rollplayers.
If the latter, the lesson derived from permanent scars will be well
learned.
Also, the Roleplay potential from surviving a Vamp is terrific. The PC
may have to change style completely in the game, going from the
archtypical offensive brute to the devious backstabber or trickster.
Maybe some good phobias, a little craziness as bonus, errantic behaviour,
etc.etc.

You must excuse me, I'm afraid I'm always like that :-)

But the main point is, just as there is no remembering a book without the
deaths/hardships of the good guys (fe/male), there is no legend made from
a SR PC who did not make it as long as possible through hardships (even
with 3 essence point lost to Drac).

--
Silhouette

___________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Helge Diernaes | "The Eye that looks always to the safe side is closed
ecocide@***.cbs.dk | forever." Paul Muad'Dib, 'Dune'
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
-----------
Message no. 16
From: The Digital Mage <mn3rge@****.AC.UK>
Subject: Re: Hello, world...
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 1995 16:26:25 +0100
On Mon, 2 Oct 1995, Marc A Renouf wrote:

> > 1. I heared from someone on the IRC that there exist rules
> > for regaining Essence. Book says otherwise, I know...
>
> This is pretty much up to the GM in question. By the book, I
> don't think there's any way to regain lost Essence. If you have
> cyberware removed, you don't get the Essence back, you just have a "hole"
> that you can stick more stuff into. Other than that, you're pretty much
> hosed.
> Some GM's (including myself) allow Essence for certain things to
> be regained, but it requires intensive clonal regrowth of tissues and is
> extremely expensive (not to mention a pain-in-the-ass to find).
>
One of my friends told me that in a SR novel (I can't remember which one)
there was a character who magically had all his cyberware removed and all
Essence regained. I recently used this idea on a ST Sam who had got a
whole host of Cyberware (most BetaLevel) and Bioware from a corporation.
I thought this made the character too powerful so in the scenario I said
they also had implanted a cortex bomb :)

During the scenario I also had certain weird things happen to the
character, such as hearing Trash Cans being knocked over, having the
fridge being open and milk spilt on the floor, having the Samurai find
animal hairs in her bed and finally having a dead rat placed beside her
bed as a "present".

Anyway, later on Eagle confronted the St Sam and her associate (a grade 6
Wolf Initiate) and offered to purge her system of ALL cyberware etc. This
was done and ALL essence regained -but from that point on she would
suffer double essence loss from cyberware (like Eagle shamen).

After this Cat confronted the St Sam and turned her into a Physical Adept :)

It was one hell of a story, brought down the power level of a character
and broke the rules. But then thats when things get scary for teh players
-when they suddenly see something which is against ALL the rules :)


The Digital Mage : mn3rge@****.ac.uk
Shadowrun Web Site under construction at
http://www.bath.ac.uk/~mn3rge/Shadowrun.html
Message no. 17
From: Robert Watkins <bob@**.NTU.EDU.AU>
Subject: Re: Hello, world...
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 1995 08:51:49 +0930
The Digital Mage wrote:
> there was a character who magically had all his cyberware removed and all
> Essence regained.

It was the Troll Bear Shaman/Former Street Sam in "Nosferatu". However...
he regained his essence 'cause he had his body disassembled, used as a
powerful magical weapon, then regrown by the magic. And I'm talking about
some of the most powerful magic in the Sixth World, wielded by the few
people who actually know how to channel that kind of power.

--
Robert Watkins bob@**.ntu.edu.au
Real Programmers never work 9 to 5. If any real programmers
are around at 9 am, it's because they were up all night.
*** Finger me for my geek code ***
Message no. 18
From: Anders Swenson <anders@**********.COM>
Subject: Hello, World!
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1998 08:35:06 -0800
I have been lurking on the shadowRN list for a while, and making
abortive attempts to make my old server software send acceptable
messages. Now, I have a more reliable version of Netscape, and I'm ready
to try again.
I've been gaming almost forever, as far as the age of the hobby goes. I
am one of the co-authors of the Calfree sourcebook, and while we were
working Calfree up, wealso were SRII playtesters. Don't mess with
Hestaby: Hestaby is MINE!

Unfortunately, when I changed processers, I lost the referance to the'RN
list FAQs and system protocol stuff - could a sysop mail me these
privetely, and also advise me what to do if my mail format still causes
problems?
--Anders
Message no. 19
From: Lehlan Decker <DeckerL@******.COM>
Subject: Hello, World!
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1998 11:42:33 -0500
<SNIP Hello World, and co-author of Calfree>
Excellent, another SR contributor on the list.
Good book by the way. It wasn't what many expected, but
its led to quite a good number of adventures, so kudos.
Welcome aboard and prepare for the mail onslaught.
P.S. your replyto is overriding the list
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lehlan Decker, Unix Admin (704)331-1149
deckerl@******.com Fax 378-1939
Moore & Van Allen, PLLC Pager 1-888-608-9633
Message no. 20
From: Mike Bobroff <Airwasp@***.COM>
Subject: Re: Hello, World!
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 1998 15:13:08 EST
In a message dated 11/9/98 11:37:56 AM US Eastern Standard Time,
anders@**********.com writes:

> I've been gaming almost forever, as far as the age of the hobby goes. I
> am one of the co-authors of the Calfree sourcebook, and while we were
> working Calfree up, wealso were SRII playtesters. Don't mess with
> Hestaby: Hestaby is MINE!
>
Welcome to the RN group ... and on the thing about not touching Hestaby ...
sorry, I had here assassinated by Tir Tairngire as part of plot development
about 8-9 months ago (I think) ... she has been succeeded by her offspring,
Shasta, who claimed all of Hestaby's power though .. even though she is still
rebuilding the mountain (Tir trashed it real good) ...

-Mike

P.S. Anders, your email addy is overriding the lists addy ...
Message no. 21
From: Anders Swenson <anders@**********.COM>
Subject: Re: Hello, World!
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 1998 09:24:50 -0800
Mike Bobroff wrote:

> In a message dated 11/9/98 11:37:56 AM US Eastern Standard Time,
> anders@**********.com writes:
>
> > I've been gaming almost forever, as far as the age of the hobby goes. I
> > am one of the co-authors of the Calfree sourcebook, and while we were
> > working Calfree up, wealso were SRII playtesters. Don't mess with
> > Hestaby: Hestaby is MINE!
> >
> Welcome to the RN group ... and on the thing about not touching Hestaby ...
> sorry, I had here assassinated by Tir Tairngire as part of plot development
> about 8-9 months ago (I think) ... she has been succeeded by her offspring,
> Shasta, who claimed all of Hestaby's power though .. even though she is still
> rebuilding the mountain (Tir trashed it real good) ...
>
> -Mike
>
> P.S. Anders, your email addy is overriding the lists addy ...

What are Shasta's politics?
--Anders
PS I think I fixed the override problem.

Further Reading

If you enjoyed reading about hello world, you may also be interested in:

Disclaimer

These messages were posted a long time ago on a mailing list far, far away. The copyright to their contents probably lies with the original authors of the individual messages, but since they were published in an electronic forum that anyone could subscribe to, and the logs were available to subscribers and most likely non-subscribers as well, it's felt that re-publishing them here is a kind of public service.