From: | shadowrn@*********.com (Gurth) |
---|---|
Subject: | [OT] 5.56 mm confusion (was Re: why calibers work) |
Date: | Tue Apr 23 05:45:03 2002 |
> Not that it matters, but my .223 is a Ruger and is also known as the
> mini-14. I don't know if that complicates the discussion or clears
> things up.
That has nothing to do with it :) 5.56x45 mm is known as .223 Remington
after the manufacturer of the original _ammunition_ in this caliber; Ruger
just scaled down the US military's M14 rifle (which normally fires 7.62x51
mm) to accept 5.56x45 mm rounds and called it the Mini-14.
According to Danyeal De La Luna, on Tue, 23 Apr 2002 the word on the street
was...
> actually...the .223 and the 5.56 are two totally different rounds. The
> m-16 was just changed to 5.56 when they realized that the .223 wasn't
> stopping the bad guys.
.223 is the commercial name for the caliber used in the military as 5.56 mm.
It was developed in the late 1950s, based on a commercial .222 round, for
the ArmaLite AR-15 rifle; the US Air Force bought the AR-15 for its base
security personnel, and numbers were also shipped to South Vietnam, where
they were well-received by ARVN and US Special Forces. It was adopted by the
US Army (for its Airmobile units), calling it the M16 and making a bunch of
changes, especially to the ammunition (most of them for the worse).
Tinkering with the design, largely due to these ammunition faults, produced
the M16A1 in the mid-'60s. The rounds fired by these weapons are the M193
ball and M196 tracer, in 5.56x45 mm caliber (which means the barrel diameter
is 5.56 mm, and the length of an empty cartridge case is 45 mm).
Fast-forward about 15 years, to the late 1970s, and NATO is evaluating which
caliber should be adopted next as the standard small arms round -- the
current 7.62x51 mm not being thought suitable anymore. The winner of this
competition is the SS109 round produced by FN Herstal, which is also a
5.56x45 mm round, but of different performance to the M193. After NATO
standardization, the US calls the SS109, the M855 ball, and the tracer
variant M856. Although the M193 and M855 rounds have the same external
dimensions (the only real external difference being the color of the bullet
tips), their different performance means the M16 needs to be re-designed
again, and becomes the M16A2 that can use both types. Aside from ergonomic
changes, the main difference is the barrel, which has different rifling from
that used in the M16/M16A1 (IIRC the A2 has one twist in 30 cm, while the A1
has one twist in 17.5 cm), in order to make the most of the new round but
still be able to fire the old one effectively.
Finally, the reason these rounds are called .223 by sports shooters is
because the average American seems to have a phobia about the Metric system.
--
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